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Gatekeeper Training
Background of Gatekeeper
Training
The materials provided
here were developed as part of the Mental Health of the
Rural Elderly Outreach Program, a title that was later
abbreviated as the Elderly Outreach Program or EOP. The
EOP was a demonstration project that evaluated alternative,
“non-traditional” mental health services for
older adults, including use of community gatekeepers.
The program was funded by the Administration on Aging
(Grant #07AM0310-02), the National Institute of Mental
Health (Grant #87-001-401-6920-2464-01) and the State
of Iowa Department of Mental Health, Mental Retardation
and Developmental Disabilities (Grant #87-001-413-0413-2464-06)
over a three-year period between 1986 and 1989, and is
still in use today in an altered form.
The Gatekeeper Model used in the EOP was based on the
highly successful program of care initiated in 1978 in
Spokane, Washington under the leadership of Ray Raschko.
The Gatekeeper Model trains people who, in the course
of their daily activities, come into frequent contact
with older people. The Model assumes that people who live
and work in the community are often in the best position
to recognize early changes in the behavior of local residents
that might indicate the beginnings of mental or emotional
distress. These community members are caring and concerned
people who are already making observations about the people
around them, but who many not know what to do or how to
help. Gatekeeper training was developed to enlist community
members’ assistance by helping them recognize older
people who may be experiencing difficulties, and refer
them to the EOP.
The EOP proved to be a successful model for providing
mental health services to older adults living in rural
settings, has been replicated in other settings, and is
described in the literature.
Because gatekeeper training continues to be a popular
method for identifying older adults who may be in need
of mental health services, the modules and supportive
materials are provided for free here, as a service of
the HCGNE. The Gatekeeper Training materials are copyrighted,
and are used with permission by the HCGNE. Permission
is granted for individuals to print, copy and otherwise
reproduce these materials in an unaltered form for use
as personal development activities, inservice education,
or other continuing education programs for which no, or
only fees to cover expenses, are charged. Use of these
materials for personal profit is prohibited. Users are
asked to give credit to the original authors and the HCGNE
as the current source of the materials, using the
suggested reference. We also ask that you notify the
Center about how and when the materials are used so that
we can better evaluate
the need for updated or modified versions.
Gatekeeper Training Manuals/Materials
(* If you need software to
read .PDF files click here.)
PDF
file Gatekeeper1
Gatekeeper Training Manual, Part I provides the basic
information needed to be a community gatekeeper. The intent
of this module is to provide key information in a short
period of time, thus accommodating busy community members
and workers.
PDF
file Gatekeeper2
Gatekeeper Training Manual, Part II provides an overview
of common mental disorders that might affect older adults,
causing the behavior changes described in the Part I manual.
This training is intended to follow Part I, and is considered
supplemental learning for interested community members.
In many cases, Part II training was provided to service
providers and other professionals.
PDF
file Gatekeeper3
Gatekeeper Training Supportive Materials. The third set
of information provided was developed to assist others
to use the Gatekeeper Training Manuals, Part I and II.
These materials provide additional information about gatekeeper
training in general, and offer a word-for-word trainer’s
script that explains all information in the manual as
if real-life training was being provided. A film used
during the EOP, titled “Old Friends” is also
reviewed and discussed to illustrate how training was
conducted. Although the table of contents refers to order
forms, these materials are no longer available. Information
formerly provided by Abbe Center is now posted on this
website for general use.
Related
Literature
-
Buckwalter,
K., Smith, M., Zevenbergen, P. & Russell, D. (1990).
Mental Health of the Rural Elderly Outreach Program.
The Gerontologist, 31(3), 408-412.
- Smith, M. and Buckwalter, K.
(1999). Outreach to mentally ill older adults in rural
communities: An important role for nurses. The Journal
of the California Alliance for the Mentally Ill, 10(3),
42-45.
- Smith, M., Buckwalter, K., Zevenbergen,
P., Kudart, P., Springer-Brenneman, D., & Garand,
L. (1993). An administrator's dilemma: Keeping innovative
mental health and aging programs alive after the grant
funds end. Journal of Mental Health Administration, 20(3),
212-222.
- Buckwalter, K., Abraham, I.,
Smith, M., & Smullen, D. (1993). Nursing outreach
to the mentally ill rural elderly. Hospital and Community
Psychiatry, 44(9), 821-823.
- Abraham, I., Buckwalter, K.,
Snustad, D., Smullen, D., Thompson-Hiesterman, A., Neese,
J., & Smith, M. (1993). Psychogeriatric outreach to
rural families: The Iowa and Virginia models. International
Psychogeriatrics, 5(2), 203-211.
- Raschko, R. (1985). Systems integration
at the program level: Aging and mental health. The Gerontologist,
25, 460-463.
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration. (2002). Gatekeepers, Spokane,
WA, in Promoting Older Adult Health: Aging Network Partnerships
to Address Medication, Alcohol, and Mental Health Problems
(pp. 31-36). U.S. DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 02-3628.
Washington, DC: author.
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration. (2002). PATCH, Balimore, MD,
in Promoting Older Adult Health: Aging Network Partnerships
to Address Medication, Alcohol, and Mental Health Problems
(pp. 37-40). U.S. DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 02-3628.
Washington, DC: author.
Suggested References
- McDonald, T., Buckwalter, K.,
Smith, M., Stewart-Dedmon, M., & Van Hoozer, H. (1986).
Gatekeeper Training Manual, Part 1: Introduction to the
Gatekeeper Role. Retrieved from the University of Iowa
College of Nursing Hartford Center of Geriatric Nursing
Excellence on [add date retrieved] from http://www.nursing.uiowa.edu/hartford/
- Smith, M., Buckwalter, K., McDonald,
T., Stewart-Dedmon, M., & Van Hoozer, H. (1986). GateKeeper
Training Manual, Part II: Specific Disorders, Signs and
Symptoms. Retrieved from the University of Iowa College
of Nursing Hartford Center of Geriatric Nursing Excellence
on [add date retrieved] from http://www.nursing.uiowa.edu/hartford/
- Smith, M. (1989). Gatekeeper
Training Supportive Materials. Retrieved from the University
of Iowa College of Nursing Hartford Center of Geriatric
Nursing Excellence on [add date retrieved]
from
http://www.nursing.uiowa.edu/hartford/
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